The Golf Psychology Podcast

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps a golfer who thinks he has the yips with his full swing. Learn how to overcome the full swing.      

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Subscribe to The Golf Psychology Podcast via iTunes 

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps a golfer who loses confidence after missing putts early in the round.  

Many golfers lose confidence after making mistakes early in the round. Learn how to stay confident after missing putts.     

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Subscribe to The Golf Psychology Podcast via iTunes 

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps a golfer who loses confidence during warm-up because of poor performance.  

Many golfers let the quality of their warm-up dictate their confidence on the course. Learn how to focus on the process instead of the results.    

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps a golfer who has trouble visualizing his shots.  

Not all golfers can see their shots. Some golfers would rather prepare for the shot by feeling the shot. Learn how to use your dominant learning style to play your best.   

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps a golfer with fear of failure on the golf course.  

Many golfers don't want to disappoint a parent or a coach, which can cause them to tighten up and try too hard. Learn how to play golf for yourself and focus on success rather than avoiding failure.   

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, answers a question from a golfer who loses confidence after getting beat in practice.

Many golfers carry their practice losses to tournaments, which can affect some players' golf confidence. Learn how to forget about your losses and focus on the current round.

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, answers a question from a golfer about target orientation and swing mechanics. This golfer wants to know if focusing on the target more will help him think less about his technique on the course.  

Many golfers lack trust in their game and think too much about technique on the course. You want to think less on the course. Learn how target orientation can help you focus less on mechanics.

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of Going Low, Dr. Cohn, helps a golfer who has trouble going low when he's under par. 

Many golfers tighten up and play tenatively when they have a good round in the making. Learn how to play aggressively and continue going low.

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps a golfer improve  commitment on her shots.

Many golfers tighten up and over control their shots. Learn how get committed to your shots, boost trust and play freely.

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps a golfer who feels his mental game is weak because he reads mental training books. 

Some golfers have a stronger mental game than others. Top golfers use mental training along with their physical training to improve their performance. Learn how mental training can help your performance. 

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps a golfer go low when he has a good round going. 

Many golfers have expectations about what they should shoot. When you're not performing within those expectations, you might play protective golf. Learn how to play beyond your comfort zone and continue to go low. 

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps a golfer keep his concentration in tournaments.

Some golfers have a hard time staying focused in tournaments. Learn the mental keys to staying focused on the course.  

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps a golfer get more committed on her shots. You can't be wishy-washy on the course and play your best golf as it leads to tentative play!

Many golfers lose trust in themselves and don't play aggressively. Learn how to improve your commitment on each shot on the course.

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps a golfer who places more importance on some golf shots over others.   

Many golfers think too much about the outcome of the shot. This can cause golfers to treat certain shots differently, or more important. Learn how to place equal importance on your golf shots to perform your best on the course. 

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Check out The Golfer's Mental Edge CD and Workbook Program.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps a golfer with his swing thoughts over the ball.    

Does Tiger Woods use swing thoughts at all? Some golfers don't have any swing thoughts over the ball. This can cause golfers to blank out and lose focus on what's important. Learn how many swing thoughts to use to help you perform your best.  

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Check out The Golfer's Mental Edge CD and Workbook Program.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps a coach help a golfer close out the round.   

Many golfers lose confidence in their ability to finish off a round, especially when in contention. This can cause golfers to think too much about the outcome and focus on not making mistakes. Learn the top mental strategies to help you close out the round.

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Check out The Golfer's Mental Edge CD and Workbook Program.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps golfers take their practice game to tournaments.   

Many golfers become tense and anxious in tournaments. This can cause golfers to perform tenatively and try to avoid making mistakes. Learn how to play freely in tournaments.

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Check out The Golfer's Mental Edge CD and Workbook Program.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps golfers overcome life distractions on the course.

Many golfers are distracted by other activities in their lives, such as their job, relationships or school work. This can cause golfers to under perform and lose focus on the current shot. Learn how to block out life distractions on the golf course. 

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Check out The Golfer's Mental Edge CD and Workbook Program.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps golfers who areo overloaded with advice from others.  

Many golfers get information overload becasue they receive a lot of advice from teammates and coaches about their game. This can cause golfers to get confused and shut down. Learn what to do when you receive too many tips about your game.

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Check out The Golfer's Mental Edge CD and Workbook Program.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps golfers learn how to use imagery prior to shot making.  

Many golfers don't visualize their shot during their preshot routine or don't use mental rehearsal effectively. Learn how to use imagery as part of your preshot routine.

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Check out The Golfer's Mental Edge CD and Workbook Program.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps golfers improve their focus at the end of the round.

Many golfers lose focus when they become fatigued at the end of the round. Learn how to boost your focus on the last few holes.    

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Check out The Golfer's Mental Edge CD and Workbook Program.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps golfers focus better on the course.

Some golfers panic over the ball because they aren't sure what to focus on. Learn what to focus on during shot making to improve your golf performance.   

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Check out The Golfer's Mental Edge CD and Workbook Program.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps golfers learn to be less critical on the golf course

Many golfers are overly critical of their performance. Learn how to improve your confidence on the course.  

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Check out The Golfer's Mental Edge CD and Workbook Program.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, answers a question from a golf parent whose son throws his clubs on the golf course.      

Many golfers become angry or frustrated when they aren't performing up to their expectations. Learn how to control your emotions on the golf course.  

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Check out The Golfer's Mental Edge CD and Workbook Program.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps golfers break through their scoring barrier.     

Many golfers expect to shoot between a certain scoring range. Learn how to perform without the limits of a comfort zone.  

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Check out The Golfer's Mental Edge CD and Workbook Program.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps golfers find passion for the game.    

Many golfers are motivated by the wrong reasons. Learn how to stay motivated and rekindle your passion for the game.

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Check out The Golfer's Mental Edge CD and Workbook Program.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps golfers learn how to grind out a round when playing poorly.   

Many golfers lose interest or stop trying when they are playing poorly. Learn how keep your head in the game and grind out the round. 

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Check out The Golfer's Mental Edge CD and Workbook Program.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps golfers learn how to improve their mental preparation before a round.   

Learn how to developed a focused and confident mindset before a round.  

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Check out The Golfer's Mental Edge CD and Workbook Program.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps golfers learn how to play without the fear of embarrassment.   

Many golfers try to avoid making mistakes. This can cause golfers to tighten up and lose focus. Learn how to overcome the fear of embarrassment and focus on your own game.  

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Check out The Golfer's Mental Edge CD and Workbook Program.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps golfers use visualization before tournaments.   

Learn how to boost your golf confidence with visualization.

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Check out The Golfer's Mental Edge CD and Workbook Program.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, provides golfers with slump busting strategies.   

Many golfers experience slumps during their career. Learn how to bounce back from a slump.   

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Check out The Golfer's Mental Edge CD and Workbook Program.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps golfers learn how to improve their mental preparation.

Learn how to adjust your mental routine to boost your golf confidence.  

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Check out The Golfer's Mental Edge CD and Workbook Program.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps golfers recover from injury.

Many golfers lose confidence after experiencing an injury. Learn how to regain your golf confidnece after injury.

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Check out The Golfer's Mental Edge CD and Workbook Program.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps golfers learn how to practice better.

Many golfers like to practice their strengths. You'll want to practice your weaknesses too. Learn how to improve your practice and boost your performance in tournaments.    

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Check out The Golfer's Mental Edge CD and Workbook Program.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps golfers stay focused during their entire round of golf.   

Many golfers lose focus during their golf game. Learn how to keep your focus during your golf round.   

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Check out The Golfer's Mental Edge CD and Workbook Program.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps golfers learn how to stay composed throughout your golf round.   

Many golfers become frustrated or upset after mistakes. Learn how to improve your composure on the course.  

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Check out The Golfer's Mental Edge CD and Workbook Program.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps golfers learn how to recover after a few bad holes.   

Many golfers lose momentum after a few bad shots. Learn how to regain momentum and play with confidence.

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Check out The Golfer's Mental Edge CD and Workbook Program.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps golfers learn how to win with the lead.  

Many golfers play protective golf when they are in the lead. Learn how to play aggressive golf when you're in the lead.  

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Check out The Golfer's Mental Edge CD and Workbook Program.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps golfers learn how to play without comparing your performance to others.   

Many golfers tend to compare their performance to others. Golfers can lose focus on their game. Learn how to avoid comparing your performance to others.

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Check out The Golfer's Mental Edge CD and Workbook Program.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

Believe it or not, your preshot routine is very important to shot making and consistency. But guess what? Far too many golfers just go through the motions physically without mental focus.

Here’s the thing: You really don’t have a preshot routine if you perform your routine mindlessly without mental focus.

Now let’s suppose that you take physical steps to prepare for a shot such as a practice swing, set up, etc. This is a good start, but not the whole ball of wax.

The reality is the physical part of your routine is only one facet to a good preshot routine…

That’s why your mental routine is the most important part of your preshot preparation, but so easy to neglect for most golfers. Get this: your mind controls your body. Your thoughts and images trigger a good swing.

OK, if you want to discover three critical mental strategies you must have in your preshot routine, watch my new golf confidence video. Check out my new golf psychology video to learn the three mental components of a good preshot routine.

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Check out The Golfer's Mental Edge CD and Workbook Program.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, golf psychology expert and author of the "Golfer's Mental Edge" CD program, teaches amateur to tour professional golfers how to improve their mental game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps golfers learn how to play without strict expectations that put pressure yourself to perform.  

Many golfers have high expectations for their performance. This can lead to added pressure or cause golfers to tighten up and play tentatively. Learn how to let go of high expectations and play with confidence.  

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Check out The Golfer's Mental Edge CD and Workbook Program.

Do you get upset with poor shots and your frustration causes more mistakes that leads to a string of bogeys?

Many of my students struggle with their composure after hitting bad shots.

Hitting a bad shot is not what's costly to your score… A poor reaction to a bad shot is costly because it can lead to more mistakes - due to frustration – and then "riding the bogey train!”

You want to let go of poor shots quickly so they don"t compound into more bad shots.

You’ll learn a couple strategies I teach my students to move on after poor shots. Check it out if you want to avoid the bogey train after mistakes.

My new mental game program for golfers titled, “The Golfer’s Mental Edge,” will be available next Thursday. I wanted to share a few details…

Using the 8 CDs and a workbook, you’re taken through my top 8 sessions I do with my personal golf students…

I’ve also decided that the first 10 people to grab by new program will get my GMAP assessment and personal mental game plan prescription. I’ll have more details next week.

Watch other golf psychology videos at peaksports.com

Dr. Patrick Cohn, author of The Mental Game of Golf, Going Low, and The Mental Art of Putting, teaches golfers - of all levels - how improve their inner game of golf.

In this week's golf psychology video cast, mental game of golf expert Dr. Cohn helps golfers focus on the target instead of the trouble. 

Do you focus on where not to hit the ball? I know many of my students focus too much on where not to hit the ball…

"Don't miss the green and have a tough up and down,” you might be thinking. If you do this, you focus too much on avoiding mistakes or have an avoidance mindset.

You can"t play your best when you think about NOT hitting bad shots. You’ll tighten up and steer the shot away from the trouble. You have to focus on where you want to hit the ball.

I just posted a new golf confidence video to help you do just that...You'll find out if have an avoidance mindset and how to have a success-driven mindset.

Visit my Golf Psychology and Golf Confidence Videos.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, author of The Mental Game of Golf, Going Low, and The Mental Art of Putting, teaches golfers - of all levels - how to bounce back after mistakes or bad shots

In this week's golf psychology videocast, mental game of golf expert Dr. Cohn helps golfers improve their concentration on the golf course. 

Many golfers get distracted by their own internal dialogue, which does not allow them to focus on what's important. 

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.

Dr. Patrick Cohn, author of The Mental Game of Golf, Going Low, and The Mental Art of Putting, teaches golfers - of all levels - how to bounce back after mistakes or bad shots

In this week's golf psychology session, mental game of golf expert and author of The Mental Game of Golf, Dr. Cohn, helps golfers cope better with mistakes or bad shots. 

Many golfers lose confidence or get frustrated after making mistakes, which leads to a poor mindset on the course. Learn how to stay confident and recover quickly after poor shots or mistakes. 

Download a free golf psychology report to improve your preshot routine.